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SQL Interview Questions And Answers
What is SQL?
SQL stands for Structured Query Language , and it is used to communicate with the Database. This is a standard language used to perform tasks such as retrieval, updation, insertion and deletion of data from a database.
Standard SQL Commands are Select.
SQL stands for Structured Query Language , and it is used to communicate with the Database. This is a standard language used to perform tasks such as retrieval, updation, insertion and deletion of data from a database.
Standard SQL Commands are Select.
Compare SQL & PL/SQL
| Criteria | SQL | PL/SQL |
| What it is | Single query or command execution | Full programming language |
| What it comprises | Data source for reports, web pages | Application language to build, format and display report, web pages |
| Characteristic | Declarative in nature | Procedural in nature |
| Used for | Manipulating data | Creating applications |
What is BCP? When is it used?
It is a tool used to duplicate enormous quantity of information from tables and views. It does not facsimile the structures same as foundation to target.
BULK INSERT command helps to bring in a data folder into a record, table or view in a user-specific arrangement.
BULK INSERT command helps to bring in a data folder into a record, table or view in a user-specific arrangement.
When is the UPDATE_STATISTICS command used?
This command is used, ones the processing of large data is done.
When we delete a large number of files, alteration or reproduction takes place in the tables, to be concerned of these changes we need to restructure the indexes This is done UPDATE_STATISTICS.
Explain the steps needed to Create the scheduled job?
When we delete a large number of files, alteration or reproduction takes place in the tables, to be concerned of these changes we need to restructure the indexes This is done UPDATE_STATISTICS.
Explain the steps needed to Create the scheduled job?
Steps to create a Scheduled Job :
- Connect to the database of SQL server in SQL Server Management Studio. On the SQL Server Agent, we will find a Jobs folder.
- Right click on jobs and choose Add New.
- A New Job window will come into view. Give an associated name for the same.
- Click next on the “Steps” in the left list of options. An SQL job can have multiple steps either in the form of SQL declaration or a stored practice call.
- Click on the “Schedules” in the left list of options. An SQL job can comprise of one or supplementary schedules. It is basically the instance at which SQL job will jog itself. We can spell out returning schedules also.
When are we going to use truncate and delete?
- TRUNCATE is a DDL command, whereas DELETE is a DML command.
- We can’t execute a trigger in case of TRUNCATE whilst with DELETE, we can accomplish a trigger.
- TRUNCATE is quicker than DELETE, for the reason that when we use DELETE to delete the data, at that time it store the whole statistics in the rollback gap on or after where we can get the data back after removal. In case of TRUNCATE, it will not store data in rollback gap and will unswervingly rub it out. TRUNCATE do not recover the deleted data.
- We can use any condition in WHERE clause using DELETE but it is not possible with TRUNCATE.5.If a table is referenced by any foreign key constraints, then TRUNCATE won’t work.
What is a Database?
Database is nothing but an organized form of data for easy access, storing, retrieval and managing of data. This is also known as structured form of data which can be accessed in many ways.
Example: School Management Database, Bank Management Database.
What are tables and Fields?
A table is a set of data that are organized in a model with Columns and Rows. Columns can be categorized as vertical, and Rows are horizontal. A table has specified number of column called fields but can have any number of rows which is called record.
Example:
Table: Employee.
Field: Emp ID, Emp Name, Date of Birth.
Data: 201456, David, 11/15/1960.
What is a primary key?
A primary key is a combination of fields which uniquely specify a row. This is a special kind of unique key, and it has implicit NOT NULL constraint. It means, Primary key values cannot be NULL.
C Interview Questions and Answers
What is C language?
C is a mid level and procedural programming language.
When is a “switch” statement preferable over an “if” statement?
The switch statement is best used when dealing with selections based on a single variable or expression. However, switch statements can only evaluate integer and character data types.
What is spaghetti programming?
Spaghetti programming refers to codes that tend to get tangled and overlapped throughout the program. This unstructured approach to coding is usually attributed to lack of experience on the part of the programmer. Spaghetti programing makes a program complex and analyzing the codes difficult, and so must be avoided as much as possible.
How do you construct an increment statement or decrement statement in C?
There are actually two ways you can do this. One is to use the increment operator ++ and decrement operator –. For example, the statement “x++” means to increment the value of x by 1. Likewise, the statement “x –” means to decrement the value of x by 1. Another way of writing increment statements is to use the conventional + plus sign or – minus sign. In the case of “x++”, another way to write it is “x = x +1”.
What is the difference between Call by Value and Call by Reference?
When using Call by Value, you are sending the value of a variable as parameter to a function, whereas Call by Reference sends the address of the variable. Also, under Call by Value, the value in the parameter is not affected by whatever operation that takes place, while in the case of Call by Reference, values can be affected by the process within the function.
What is a sequential access file?
When writing programs that will store and retrieve data in a file, it is possible to designate that file into different forms. A sequential access file is such that data are saved in sequential order: one data is placed into the file after another. To access a particular data within the sequential access file, data has to be read one data at a time, until the right one is reached.
Some coders debug their programs by placing comment symbols on some codes instead of deleting it. How does this aid in debugging?
Placing comment symbols /* */ around a code, also referred to as “commenting out”, is a way of isolating some codes that you think maybe causing errors in the program, without deleting the code. The idea is that if the code is in fact correct, you simply remove the comment symbols and continue on. It also saves you time and effort on having to retype the codes if you have deleted it in the first place.
What is the equivalent code of the following statement in WHILE LOOP format?
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for (a=1; a<=100; a++)
printf ("%d\n", a * a);
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Answer:
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a=1;
while (a<=100) {
printf ("%d\n", a * a);
a++;
}
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What is a stack?
A stack is one form of a data structure. Data is stored in stacks using the FILO (First In Last Out) approach. At any particular instance, only the top of the stack is accessible, which means that in order to retrieve data that is stored inside the stack, those on the upper part should be extracted first. Storing data in a stack is also referred to as a PUSH, while data retrieval is referred to as a POP.
How do you declare a variable that will hold string values?
The char keyword can only hold 1 character value at a time. By creating an array of characters, you can store string values in it. Example: “char MyName[50]; ” declares a string variable named MyName that can hold a maximum of 50 characters.
Spring Interview Questions and Answers
Q1). What is a spring?
Ans: Spring is set to be a framework which helps Java programmer for development of code and it provides IOC container, Dependency Injector, MVC flow and many other APIs for the java programmer.
Ans: Spring is set to be a framework which helps Java programmer for development of code and it provides IOC container, Dependency Injector, MVC flow and many other APIs for the java programmer.
Q2). What are Advices in Spring?
Ans: It is the execution of an aspect. Advice is like making your application learn a new trick. They are usually introduced at joinpoints.
Ans: It is the execution of an aspect. Advice is like making your application learn a new trick. They are usually introduced at joinpoints.
Q3). What is the default scope of bean in Spring framework?
Ans: The default scope of bean is Singleton for Spring framework.
Ans: The default scope of bean is Singleton for Spring framework.
Q4). Name the types of transaction management that are supported by Spring?
Ans: Transaction management supported by Spring are :
Ans: Transaction management supported by Spring are :
- Declarative transaction management.
- Programmatic transaction management.
Q5). Is Singleton beans are thread safe in Spring Framework?
Ans: No, singleton beans are not thread-safe in Spring framework.
Ans: No, singleton beans are not thread-safe in Spring framework.
Q6). What are the benefits of Spring Framework?
Ans: Following are the benefits of Spring framework:
Ans: Following are the benefits of Spring framework:
- Extensive usage of Components
- Reusability
- Decoupling
- Reduces coding effort by using pattern implementations such as singleton, factory, service locator etc.
- Removal of leaking connections
- Declarative transaction management
- Easy to integrate with third party tools and technologies.
Q7). What is Bean Factory?
Ans: Bean Factory is core of the spring framework and, it is a Lightweight container which loads bean definitions and manages your beans. Beans are configured using XML file and manage singleton defined bean. It is also responsible for life cycle methods and injects dependencies. It also removes adhoc singletons and factories.
Ans: Bean Factory is core of the spring framework and, it is a Lightweight container which loads bean definitions and manages your beans. Beans are configured using XML file and manage singleton defined bean. It is also responsible for life cycle methods and injects dependencies. It also removes adhoc singletons and factories.
Q8). Define Bean Wiring?
Ans: Bean wiring is the creation of associations between application components that are between the beans in a particular spring container.
Ans: Bean wiring is the creation of associations between application components that are between the beans in a particular spring container.
Q9). What is called Spring MVC?
Ans: A Spring MVC is a single shared controller instance and it is used to handle request type controllers, interceptors which run in the IoC container. It also allows multiple Dispatcher Servlets which can share application context interface but not class based interface.
Ans: A Spring MVC is a single shared controller instance and it is used to handle request type controllers, interceptors which run in the IoC container. It also allows multiple Dispatcher Servlets which can share application context interface but not class based interface.
Q10). Why Spring framework is needed?
Ans: Spring framework is needed because it is –
Ans: Spring framework is needed because it is –
- Very Light Weight Container
- Framework
- IOC
- AOP
Html5 Interview Question and Answers
HTML5 is the next major revision of the HTML standard superseding HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0, and XHTML 1.1. HTML5 is a standard for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web.
HTML5 introduces a number of new elements and attributes that helps in building a modern websites. Following are great features introduced in HTML5 −
- New Semantic Elements − These are like <header>, <footer>, and <section>.
- Forms 2.0 − Improvements to HTML web forms where new attributes have been introduced for <input> tag.
- Persistent Local Storage − To achieve without resorting to third-party plugins.
- WebSocket − A a next-generation bidirectional communication technology for web applications.
- Server-Sent Events − HTML5 introduces events which flow from web server to the web browsers and they are called Server-Sent Events (SSE).
- Canvas − This supports a two-dimensional drawing surface that you can program with JavaScript.
- Audio & Video − You can embed audio or video on your web pages without resorting to third-party plugins.
- Geolocation − Now visitors can choose to share their physical location with your web application.
- Microdata − This lets you create your own vocabularies beyond HTML5 and extend your web pages with custom semantics.
- Drag and drop − Drag and drop the items from one location to another location on a the same webpage.
The latest versions of Apple Safari, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Opera all support many HTML5 features and Internet Explorer 9.0 will also have support for some HTML5 functionality.
The mobile web browsers that come pre-installed on iPhones, iPads, and Android phones all have excellent support for HTML5.
Yes! HTML5 is designed, as much as possible, to be backward compatible with existing web browsers. New features build on existing features and allow you to provide fallback content for older browsers.
It is suggested to detect support for individual HTML5 features using a few lines of JavaScript.
No!
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